Improvement in handles for files



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tml 5mm latwt@ BYRON BARDMAN, NORWICH, CONNECTICUT.

Letters Patent No. 84,529, dated- December 1, 1868.

IMPROVEMENT IN HANDLES 'OR FILES.

The Schedule referred to in these Letters Patent and making part of the same.

' hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and Vexact description thereof', reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters of reference marked thereon.

Figure l is a perspective view of the handle proper,

- g with tube attached.

. Figure 2 shows the cylinder detached.

Figures 3 and 4 represent the cylinder, after being Aexpanded by driving in the tang of a file.

Figure 5 is a longitudinal section of the handle complete, With ,the tang of a tile inserted.

A- is the handle proper.

B is the tube or socket.

C is the cylinder or plug.

D is the tangof a file.

E is a cavity in the handle, to receive the tang.

The nature of my invention consists in forming a handle for a le or other instrument, with a metallic tube or socket, B, secured to and projecting from the end ofthe handle proper, into which a plug or cylinder, C, of wood, or other yielding substance, is inserted, for the purpose of Vsecuring the shank of such instrument to the handle. V Y

The tube should be tapped or threaded a portion of its length, and screwed firmly upon the handle A. The projecting portion of tube or socket is then iilled,by driving in a piece of wood or other yielding substance. The tang may then bedriven in, which will form its own cavity, and embed itself in the plug.

The tang, acting as a double wedge, causes the plug to expand and fill the socket, and, by forcing it out- Award againstthe thread, or other inequalities of the Iinterior of the tube or socket, the whole will be firmly retained'in place.

t The projecting portion of the socket may be of any convenient shape, as the plug will assume the dimensions of the socket when inserted in place. But I prefer the cylindrical form, which lmay be tapped or threaded, to facilitate the removal of the plug, when impaired by use, as the tang, in entering, will spread the plug into the thread of the tube, and it may then be removed by unscrewing. n

The following advantages over the ordinary handle are secured:

It iswell known by mechanics that softv wood for the ordinary handle, will retain its hold upon the shank of a file much better than the harder kinds. But the handle is easily split asunder by driving in the tang, notwithstanding the ferrule upon its end, while the handle isliable to become bruised and defaced by use, and will soon become foul, by accumulating upon its surface an adhesive coating of oil and dirt, making it very unsightly.

If hardwood is nsed for the handle, it is more difficult to fit to the shank, and Will not retain so good a hold upon the tang of a ile when fitted, while it is still liable to split, owing to its less yieldin gnature, especially when it is shifted upon shanks of varying shapes'.

With my improvement, the handle proper may be made of hard wood, which is not so liable to get bruised or become foul by use, While it may have the advantage of a softer substance for retaining' the tang, and, owing to its yielding nature, will accommodate itself to the varying proportions of the different tangs, when it is desired toshift or to replace the old file for a new one. All the advantages of both hard and soft-wood handles are thus secured, without the disadvantages of either. p

And, as the tang of the instrument is not designed to come in contact with the handle proper, the liability of splitting is eifectually avoided.

I do not claim the use of a wooden plug, for the pur-4 

